Which situation is an example of a legal justification for stopping an individual in a vehicle?

Exceeding the speed limit is a clear legal justification for stopping an individual in a vehicle because it is a violation of traffic laws that is directly observable by law enforcement. When an officer witnesses a vehicle traveling above the established speed limit, they have the authority to initiate a traffic stop. This action is justified as a means to enforce the law and promote roadway safety, as speeding can increase the risk of accidents and harm to other road users.

The other choices do not provide the same legal basis for a stop. Driving a modified vehicle may not inherently break any laws, depending on whether the modifications comply with legal standards. A vehicle inspection is typically planned and scheduled, thus not a reason for an immediate stop, and a random check lacks the necessary legal grounds unless conducted under specific circumstances that permit it.